Subcontracting Plans And Its Impact On The United States

Subcontracting Plans Small businesses in the United States (U.S.) have a major impact on the economy, affecting employment, sales and patents. The Small Business Association estimated that small businesses account for 54% of all U.S. sales, 55% of existing jobs and 66% of all new jobs. They account for 40% of retail sales, providing employment for 8 million people. Small businesses are responsible for producing 13 times more patents than larger firms, and constitute 40% of business receipts in the United States (Bagley, 2012). Given that small businesses are vital to a thriving economy, government subcontracting plans are essential to support this key component of America’s financial system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss†¦show more content†¦and outlying areas and contract modifications that do not contain FAR 52.219-8 or prior clauses that are comparable. A subcontracting plan is also not required if no subcontract opportunity exists. However, this does require approval above the Contracting Officer level (CO). The second area (Types of subcontracting plans) describes the four types of subcontracting plans, which include: Individual, Commercial, Comprehensive and Master plans. The Individual plan applies only to one contract and covers the entire contract period including options. The Commercial plan is based on the contractor’s fiscal year and all of the commercial products sold. The Comprehensive plan is similar to the commercial plan and can only be negotiated by Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA). The Master plan is negotiated by the CO for each applicable contract and has all the mandatory elements consistent with the individual plan with the exception of the goals. The third area (Mandatory elements) lists the required elements that must be included in the subcontracting plans. Those elements include (a) goals, (b) total subcontracted funds, (c) subcontracted supplies and services, (d) methodology of goal development, (e) methodology of small business sources, (f) indirect costs, (g) administrating officer, (h) efforts to ensure equitable opportunity for subcontracts, (i) compliance with all required reports, (j) record keeping, and (k) complianceShow MoreRelatedThe Department Of Defense Subcontracting Plan Programs, Acts, And Policies Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will elaborate the Department of Defense subcontracting plan programs, Acts, and policies that are in effect. Furthermore, will detail the type of subcontracting plans, when they apply, procedures, and routing given by the Federal Acquisition Regulation. Following will explain how subcontracting plans are utilized in source selections, the economic impacts subcontrac ting has on small businesses, and how subcontracting plans are managed. Acts and Policies The Small Business Act, and subsequentRead MoreThe Diversity And Cultural Diversity Management1634 Words   |  7 Pagessolutions. ïÆ'Ëœ How is Cultural Diversity anchored into the management systems ? MasterCard firmly believes that the demographics of suppliers should reflect those of the customers. In 2001, MasterCard launched the Supplier Diversity Program in the United States so businesses owned by women, minorities and veterans, as well as small businesses, would have equal opportunity to participate MasterCard procurement process. In addition to making good business sense, this program offers several indisputableRead MoreHarley Davidson: Sustaining a Competitive Position in the Market1594 Words   |  7 PagesThere are three key elements in which the company has to improve to continue making profit. First, resolve the Unfunded Employee Post-retirement Benefit plan to keep employees producing a good product and maintain a top level company/employee relationship. 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How to Prepare and Present a Case Analysis - 5797 Words

PART 6 Strategic-Management Case Analysis How to Prepare and Present a Case Analysis CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 1. Describe the case method for learning strategic-management concepts. 2. Identify the steps in preparing a comprehensive written case analysis. 3. Describe how to give an effective oral case analysis presentation. 4. Discuss special tips for doing case analysis. Oral Presentation— Step 1 Introduction (2 minutes) Oral Presentation— Step 2 Mission/Vision (4 minutes) Oral Presentation— Step 3 Internal Assessment (8 minutes) Oral Presentation— Step 4 External Assessment (8 minutes) â€Å"Notable Quotes† Two heads are better than one. —Unknown†¦show more content†¦This is important. In the business world, strategists usually do not know if their decisions are right until resources have been allocated and consumed. Then it is often too late to reverse a decision. This cold fact accents the need for careful integration of intuition and analysis in preparing business policy case analyses. The Need for Realism Avoid recommending a course of action beyond an organization’s means. Be realistic. No organization can possibly pursue all the strategies that could potentially benefit the firm. Estimate how much capital will be required to implement what you recommended. Determine whether debt, stock, or a combination of debt and stock could be used to obtain the capital. Make sure your recommendations are feasible. Do not prepare a case analysis that omits all arguments and information not supportive of your recommendations. Rather, present the major advantages and disadvantages of several feasible alternatives. Try not to exaggerate, stereotype, prejudge, or overdramatize. Strive to demonstrate that your interpretation of the evidence is reasonable and objective. HOW TO PREPARE AND PRESENT A CASE ANALYSIS 349 The Need for Specificity Do not make broad generalizations such as â€Å"The company should pursue a market penetration strategy.† Be specific by telling what, why, when, how, where, and who. Failure to use specifics is the single major shortcomingShow MoreRelatedFlash Memory764 Words   |  4 PagesThe CFO of Flash Memory, Inc. prepares the companys investing and financing plans for the next three years. Flash Memory is a small firm that specializes in the design and manufacture of solid state drives (SSDs) and memory modules for the computer and electronics industries. The company invests aggressively in research and development of new products to stay ahead of the competition. Increased working capital requirements force the CFO to consider alternatives for additional financing. 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However, the case contains critical information that gives you a reasonable basis to compute its valuation. In addition use the following information for 1995.1 Sales ($ millions)Read MoreHart Venture Capital (Hvc) Specializes in Providing Venture Capital for Software Development and Internet Applications. Currently Hvc Has Two Investment Opportunities:1744 Words   |  7 PagesCase study 1 Better Fitness, Inc. (BFI), manufactures exercise equipment at its plant in Freeport, Long Island. It recently designed two universal weight machines for the home exercise market. Both machines use BFI-patented technology that provides the user with an extremely wide range of motion capability for each type of exercise performed. Until now, such capabilities have been available only on expensive weight machines used primarily by physical therapists. At a recent trade show, demonstrationsRead MoreWhat Are the Characteristics of a Population for Which a Mean/Median/Mode Would Be Appropriate? 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Outcast Awaken the Reason free essay sample

Its hard to listen to yet another semi-underground progressive metal band with an open mind. With so many that fit that description lately, expectations arent very high, and creativity isnt common. Thats why this French progressive metal band surprised me so much. What I heard wasnt stale chugging and palm muted riffs; it was refreshing. Perhaps not completely original – their sound is most akin to Gojira for its heavy groove style and also similar to The Dillinger Escape Plan with its spastic technicality and slightly jazzy approach. Regardless, Outcasts influences blend well and the band maintains its identity in the process. Outcast isnt new to the game, theyve been around since 1998, starting out as Overlander before changing their name in 2002. â€Å"Awaken the Reason† is their third full-length album, and their most fluid and unique. While staying true to their previous effort, â€Å"Self-Injected Reality,† this album flows together more seamlessly. We will write a custom essay sample on Outcast: Awaken the Reason or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their jazzy elements used to stand out like a sore thumb; now theyre integrated alongside melodic, shredding leads and moments of crushing heaviness, never more than a minute or two apart. Outcasts song writing  ­always impresses. Their  ­remarkable technicality never feels like its just for the sake of being fast. Theres real structure and emotion, best heard in â€Å"Abysmal† or â€Å"Last Mans Failure.† The breakdowns here are sparingly used but always executed at just the right spot to sky-rocket the energy. If theres one thing that â€Å"Awaken the Reason† does perfectly, its keep the energy high. With the monumental build-ups and occasional soft interludes that shoot straight into another heavy section, these songs were made for a live setting. At just under an hour, â€Å"Awaken the Reason† rarely gets boring. Its consistently fresh and exciting, with standout moments in almost every song, making them easy to tell apart. The attention-grabbing solo in â€Å"Spin Angular Momentia,† the breakdown at the end of â€Å"Fallen Year,† and the entirety of â€Å"Awaken the Reason Part IV† (an orchestral instrumental track) are examples of moments that keep this albums replay value so high. I dont hum along to extreme metal often, but parts of this album are so catchy, it leaves me no choice. The vocals are especially memorable, and remind me of a more melodious Jens Kidman, vocalist of Meshuggah. As for the rhythm section, the bass is quite shy but the drumming more than makes up for it. Theres no double bass abuse or reliance on pure speed. Instead they use intricate patterns to keep things interesting, not to mention the production is perfectly crisp, clean, and absolutely sublime, like the instrumentation itself. Occasionally, the band takes its amazing energy and replaces it with a more atmospheric setting, which isnt very effective, such as on â€Å"Isolation,† where the music gets messy and disjointed. They have not quite perfected their craft, but provided they have enough ideas to keep sounding as fresh as they do here, Outcast could grow to be just as heralded as fellow death metal countrymen Gojira. They certainly deserve to be.

Music Violence Essays - Rape, Misogyny, African-American Culture

Music Violence Throughout history the human populous has been attracted to music. Whether it be part of a ritual, an emotional release, religious reasons, or just for listening pleasure music has been at the center of our society. We have used music to express ourselves, tell stories, and let others into our thoughts. However, we often wonder whether what we are saying has an effect on the listening audience. Recently, in the 1990's references have often been made to link violent and deviant behavior to music and certain music genres. Some such genres include but are not limited to; heavy metal, rock, death metal, rap, gansta rap, industrial, hardcore, and alternative music. During the last decade we have seen music lyrics become more and more violent and sexually explicit. Experts argue that this can cause problems in children and adolescents. Studies show that the average teenager listens to approximately 40 hours of music in a given week. One is to assume that somewhere in the mix a child is going to hear something derogatory or objectionable, as it has become the norm in todays society. In most music today especially rap and heavy metal most of the lyrics contain references to violence, sex, and/or drugs. While many argue that this is dangerous for children to hear we know that a modern day teenager often faces violence, drugs, suicide, pregnancy, and other aspects of this music. While we find that lyrics may be dangerous to a child we must ask ourselves whether the child fully understands and comprehends what the artist is saying. Teenagers often do not understand what is being said, in fact in one study only 30 percent of those questioned knew the lyrics to their favorite songs and they all had varied comprehension as to what the message was. It could be argued that if the lyrics were not included in the artists booklet then the audience would never know what was being said. Some lyrics are indeed harsh such as this Nine Inch Nails lyric: "I am a big man yes I am; and I have a big gun; got me a big ole *censored* and I like to have fun; held against your forehead I'll make you suck; you know, just for the *censored* of it." Obviously we cannot interpret this as a positive meaning. A sampling of lyrics from Marilyn Manson include "Who says date rape isn't fun," "...the housewife I will beat..," and "I slit my teenage wrist," among others. Manson concerts are often grounds to bash religion and rip bibles while fan chant "we hate love, we love hate." Other songs that have overtones of violence include "slap-a-ho" by Dove Shack and another song sung by death metal band Cannibal Corpse in which they make reference to masturbating with a dead womans head. Avid music lovers attest that they words sung in these songs are just words and or no different that poetry printed in literature books. No studies to date have concluded that listening to a song that speaks of death will make a teenager want to go out and kill. Do these kinds of lyrics breed todays children to be killers and to be sexually promiscuous? Yes, and no, depending on who you speak to. Listening to music does not drive people to kill, and no proof of such has been offered. In fact, one teacher speaks of a student who wore a Metallica shirt everyday to school and wrote lyrics with foul language, but was often seen sitting in the front row at Sunday mass with his mother in a nice suit. The same people who go out to see Black Sabbath and Motley Crue are the same people who handle world finance and international affairs, it is just their choice in music. Studies that use music videos on the other hand show an increased tolerance in deviant behavior among both males and females. Music videos add reinforcement to what is being heard with the use of visuals. Now an extra sense is being used. Videos often exhibit sexual innuendo, acts of aggression, and gender stereotypes. Studies showed that men have a tolerable attitude as to what is violent and what is "too far" in sexual advances. Women have less of a tolerance. Studies have also found that heavy metal music and gansta rap influence mens attitudes towards women and that increased exposure to videos containing interpersonal violence against women tended to increase men's acceptance of rape myths such as "she was dressing like she wanted it" or

7 Tips for Brainstorming

7 Tips for Brainstorming 7 Tips for Brainstorming 7 Tips for Brainstorming By Mark Nichol Whether you’re trying to develop the topic of an essay or the plot of a short story, or you and some of your colleagues have been assigned to propose an idea for a product or a project, a brainstorming session is a means to a successful outcome. Here are some tips for the brainstorming session’s procedure. 1. Create ground rules: Withhold comment on or evaluation of items during the initial brainstorming session; just record them. Accept every suggestion, unless the person who suggested it retracts it (and even then, the group can override the retraction). Respect others and their ideas. Be uninhibited and imaginative. 2. Set a time limit based on whether you’re brainstorming on your own or based on the number of fellow brainstormers five minutes, fifteen minutes, half an hour. (Longer periods will probably produce diminishing returns.) 3. Create a mind map a constellation of main topics and subtopics or of related points on a large sheet of paper, a whiteboard, or another surface that all participants can see, or simply list suggestions in roster form. 4. Don’t go into details about any item, though other items inspired by a detail can be added to the list. 5. Don’t stop the initial brainstorming session until the time is up. If the individual’s or group’s momentum falters, review the list to prompt new items, or explore details or tangents. 6. If, despite the additional efforts described in the previous point, no new ideas are produced, search for random terms in a dictionary, a pertinent document or publication, or any written content. 7. Don’t stop brainstorming just because what seems at that moment to be an ideal suggestion seems to obviate further progress. Mark the item for emphasis and keep brainstorming. At the end of the session, organize the list sequentially or by headings and subheadings. Then discuss the merits of the list items and reduce the list to a manageable number of items. If the goal is to select or recommend one item or a short list and report results to one or more other people, produce those results and, if necessary, draft a proposal or assign brainstorming group members to do so after the meeting. Then, reconvene in person or distribute proposal materials electronically to finalize the proposal. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should Avoid26 Feel-Good WordsCaptain vs. Master

How to Say No Without Feeling Guilty

How to Say No Without Feeling Guilty We’ve all been approached by someone asking for a favor. It could be at work, home, or even out with friends while painting the town red. It usually happens so unexpectedly that we feel pressured and compelled to say yes, regardless of what we currently have on our plate. Sometimes we’re happy to help. We like this person and this favor won’t interfere with our lives in a significant manner. Other times, even though it’s not in our best interest to say yes, we do so anyway because we want to avoid feeling  guilty.But why feel guilty?Before we advance to the how, let’s look at the why. It’s worth deconstructing why we feel guilty for saying no. Guilt is an emotion we feel when we have done something wrong. If you’ve truly wronged someone, guilt is an appropriate emotional reaction. But saying no is not an example of wronging someone.This person might have to seek alternatives to your help, but it’s hardly harmful to their overa ll well-being- especially if it’s a small favor. Saying no puts this person in a position where they simply have to get creative and recalibrate their direction. Besides, it’s highly unlikely you’re this person’s only hope.Another reason we feel guilty is because we’re nervous this person will resent us, or be angry. But this feeling is unreasonable. You need not look any further than yourself. Would you hold a grudge against someone denying you a favor? Most likely not. So, the same standard applies. All this fear of saying no is simply an emotional response to an unlikely reaction by the other party. Logically, it holds no merit.Now that we’ve dispelled this notion, let’s take a closer look at how we can actually say no.1. Offer an alternative solutionâ€Å"Sorry, I don’t have time to help you with building your cover letter, but here’s a link to an article on 5 resume tips to guarantee an interview.†It’s quick, easy, and you offer the person an alternative solution. Just make sure you’re doing this to help, not just because you feel guilty.2.   Show empathy when saying noYou want to show this person you truly understand their problem, but it simply isn’t something you can handle right now.â€Å"I know you really need someone to take care of your dog while you’re on vacation, and you worry he won’t get enough exercise, but my job really just takes up too much of my time right now.†Empathy is what connects us as human beings, so it’s important to convey this on some level.3.   Blame your responsibilitiesAs mentioned in the previous example, work is always a good excuse. In fact, very often it’s the truth. We all work a lot so it’s definitely not a stretch and it most likely won’t raise any eyebrows.4. Turn it into a complimentSpin this into an opportunity to flatter the requester. Everyone loves a good ego boost.†Å"I’m surprised you’re asking me for help on this, I personally think you have far better taste than I do, but I’m very flattered that you’re giving me the opportunity to help you.†And that’s when you drop the no bomb on them. Psychologically, you’re softening the blow while bolstering their ego. It’s a win-win.5.   Say no without apologizingSaying thank you instead of sorry makes a world of difference. Do not apologize or say sorry- that will only  make  the requester think you’re either lying or you feel guilty†¦especially if you keep emphasizing how sorry you are.If you say no in a positive manner, that will make it more likely that the requester will leave the interaction feeling positive and upbeat.So there ya have it. Make sure your no is quick and concise. Don’t drag your answer out for too long, otherwise it will make you look bad. It’s important to say no every now and again because somet imes we truly need the time for ourselves. There’s nothing wrong with that. We’ll conserve energy and time, and hopefully be able to help the next time around.Source:  BusinessInsider

Application letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application letter - Essay Example At the same time, being of a practical bent of mind, I have diligently searched for solutions to such problems. This has launched me upon a serious study of psychology. It is my fervent desire to acquire proficiency in psychology, and as discerned by me, the best institution to acquire such expertise is none other than the University of Dallas. This explains my ambition to study at this hallowed institution. The primary purpose of a temple of learning, such as the University of Dallas is to promote the acquisition of knowledge, and the superb faculty of this university leave no stone unturned in their endeavor to facilitate their students to achieve this goal. Such features of a university hold intense attraction for a student who is keen to acquire knowledge and embark upon a successful career. It is my humble submission that I am such a student. Moreover, psychology, upon being studied diligently, furnishes the student with a specific manner of awareness and basic knowledge that tends to be common to all psychologists. This branch of knowledge is characterized by a vast range of knowledge and innumerable skills. The graduate student of psychology acquires a varied and deep knowledge. This tends to be limited to a few fields of knowledge. My gargantuan appetite for several types of information and skill will thus find a suitable outlet in psychology. Any problem can have a number of origins, and this is rapidly assimilated by the students of psychology. The latter become habituated to searching for the various possible causes for any issue. This enables psychologists to have an open mind when dealing with issues. As a cognitive skill, this trait tends to be rare. In addition, psychology serves the purpose of integrating the arts and sciences. This has the consequence of providing students with liberal education. Moreover, psychology bestows a number of practical and professional skills upon its students.

Extemporaanous Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Extemporaanous Writing - Essay Example Should you approach it from all these angles, you will be effectively undermining the very notion of competitive advantage, that is, the unique advantage which each market/economy, has over others. Therefore, in order to guide you towards your decision, I will begin by highlighting China’s competitive advantages Just as I strongly recommend your entering the Chinese market as a manufacturer and exporter, I would similarly urge you not to consider importing to the Chinese market. At the present moment that would be a losing venture for the following reasons: The current state of the Chinese market is such that it is receptive to export but not to import. Added to that, the competitive advantages of the Chinese market lie in manufacturing and export but not in import and consumerism. In our meeting I was given to understand that you have been working in marble for the past three decades and that it is your family business. As you said, however, your quarries are rapidly depleting and the cost of production is continually escalating. Therefore, while the demand for marble remains high, the cost of production is cutting into your profit margins at an ever increasing rate. The solution to your problem lies in China. The country has a wealth of productive, high quality marble and rock quarries. Given that they are scattered across the vast geographical expanse which is China, this means that there is a wide variety of different types and designs. As you know, the design and color of marble derives from the nature of the quarries, the land, itself. When quarries are spread over a vast expanse, this means that the terrain itself, therefore, the type and design of the marble itself, differs. The implication here is, as you must have deduced by now, is that the country is not just a rich source of fine grain, high quality marble but, of different

About Sovereigns and Tyrants Essay Example for Free

About Sovereigns and Tyrants Essay There is a great distinction between a sovereign and a tyrant, although oftentimes people are confused by the meaning of the two. A sovereign is a leader of state that acquired his or her position by being elected or appointed by the people. A tyrant, on the other hand, is a self proclaimed leader, assuming leadership â€Å"without election, or right of succession, or lot, or a just war, or a special calling from God† (Bodin, 1992). Under the circumstances of tyranny, it is lawful or permissible to kill the tyrant. The primary moral reason here, especially in a democratic state, is to bring back power to the hands of the people. However, there is an exception here. If, after assuming tyranny, the tyrant’s rule becomes ratified by election or permission from the people, then it is no longer permissible to kill or persecute the tyrant without a fair trial. See more:  The 3 Types of Satire Essay It is possible for a sovereign prince to become a tyrant. When this happens, some people who share authority over the state (such as senators, aristocrats, and the people themselves) have a right to eliminate the sovereign-tyrant in order to deliver the unjustly oppressed. This can either be done by means of law, or by means of force. A foreign ruler may also be rather fit to do this task than the citizens of the state. On the other hand, a true sovereign ruler differs from a tyrant in that he (or she) has rightful absolute power over the entire state and he doesn’t share it with any of his subjects. Monarchs of England during older times are good examples of sovereign rulers. They obtained their leadership by law and birthright, and thus they cannot be considered as tyrants. It is not lawful then, to unjustly kill, plot against, resist, or even think about hurting a sovereign ruler. Such an act is nothing less than high treason and punishable by death. Bibliography: Bodin, J. (1992). On sovereignty (J.H. Franklin, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Attitudes Towards Love in Pre-1900 and 1990s Poetry Essay -- William

Attitudes Towards Love in Pre-1900 and 1990's Poetry â€Å"The Despairing Lover† written by William Walsh was written pre 1900 whilst the second poem â€Å"I Wouldn’t Thank you for a Valentine† by Liz Lockhead was written in the 1990’s. These poems are almost a century apart. Attitude towards love changes over time and these poems represent this. I Wouldn’t Thank you for a Valentine is about how people think about Valentine’s Day in the 1990’s, while The Despairing Lover is showing what people think and how important they see love in the 1990’s. In â€Å"The Despairing Lover† William Walsh sets out the poem like a story with a beginning a middle and an end. This narrative structure of the poem gives the poem three clear stages this making the poem clearer to the reader and enables the poets written words to portray his ideas with the poem. In the first stanza William Walsh is seen to be in ‘anguish’ over his loss of his lover. However in the second stanza his mood swings to being just unhappy to suicidal, â€Å"it’s torment projecting and sadly reflecting’. This also shows how the poet William Walsh’s mind is working. In the third stanza, the poet realizes he might get ‘a new love.’ William Walsh realises his loss and believes he can find someone else. The words used in the despairing lover shows Walsh emotions, for example the use of the word â€Å"anguish† instead of angry is used because it is more dramatic. After reading the first two stanza’s the reader is almost positive that the poet is going to commit suicide and is just leading up to a big climax where he jumps. However there is an unexpected twist where the poet just calms down and thinks he can find love again. This shows the poet’s structure of the poem and how ... ...ion and repetition. Another comparison between the two poems is we are both hearing the viewpoint from the poet not from anybody else. Both the poems also have a story behind them. I wouldn’t thank you for a valentine has a hidden story and that is about something bad happening to her on valentines day. While the despairing lover story is about the poet coping with the break up from his lover. On the other hand their are also many differences between the two poems. There structure is different while the despairing lover is set out like a story with a begging a middle and an end. I wouldn’t thank you for a valentine structure is set out like a list. Another difference is that the despairing lover has rhyming couplets while the second poem doesn’t. A final difference between the two poems is the both have different opinions on love and what love is like.

Goal Statement Essay

I felt my scores were mostly accurate in rating how I feel about communicating because I am not a real shy in communicating with others, so I could get up and talk, if I am prepared. Three specific public speaking goals I want to achieve during the term are; listening speaking and confidence. The goals may prove rewarding for me both professionally and personally because no matter what you do professionally you will always have to listen to somebody either co-workers or clients. You have to actually understand them. Listen to what they have to say, questions they may have listening is very much needed. Now speaking you will always have to talk with others or interact with people in any professional job the way you speak to others is how they will respond to you. And last is confidence, confidence is also needed if your profession is banking you have to have confidence when talking to people. You have to act like it’s your best friend you’re talking to, have confidence in the way you speak. Now personally you need listening either to listen to your kids or family. Speaking is important also if your family is having problems if they come to you, you need to know how to speak to them properly. You need to have confidence personally to help you go through life people with try to bring you down and you will need to have the confidence to just ignore them and keep your head held high. My dream job would have to be a registered nurse, and they provide and coordinate patient care, educate patients and the public about various health conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family members. They work in hospitals, physicians’ offices, home healthcare services, and nursing care facilities. The can also work in correctional facilities, schools, summer camps, and with military. Sharpened communicating skills will prove rewarding to my career because they do a lot of talking with people, like setting up plans for patients’ care, consult with doctors and other healthcare professionals, teach patients and their families how to manage their illnesses or injuries. it will help me talk with my co-workers and patients because nurses will always be talking or interacting with people. You have to be able to walk up to them with confidence and say exactly what needs to be said. Most people think nursing is just talking blood and giving shots. There’s a lot more if you cannot talk to people you will have a rough time in nursing. So communication skills are very important in my dream job. This course will help me achieve my communication goals in many ways. It will hopefully help me learn to listen and learn how to take things in and actually listen to them not just in one ear out the other. May also help me learn how to speak in front of others and not be so nerve-racking. And last help me have confidence in general. I expect my peers to encourage me when I do have to get in front of them to talk, not to bring me down. And what I expect from my instructor is to tell me what I am doing wrong, what I need to improve and last expect him to help me achieve my goals. And help me do a lot better with all of the bad communication skills I have.

Contemporary Issues of Management Accounting Essay

This allows the opportunity for them to hone their skills and abilities at a constant rate while offering numerous benefits to the company. These benefits manifest themselves in employee loyalty, low turnover costs and fulfilment of company goals. Figure 6: JIT Model * Some Key Elements of JIT: 1. Stabilize and level the MPS with uniform plant loading (heijunka in Japanese): create a uniform load on all work centers through constant daily production and mixed model assembly (produce roughly the same mix of products each day, using a repeating sequence if several products are produced on the same line). Meet demand fluctuations through enditem inventory rather than through fluctuations in production level. Use of a stable production schedule also permits the use of backflushing to manage inventory: an end item’s bill of materials is periodically exploded to calculate the usage quantities of the various components that were used to make the item, eliminating the need to collect detailed usage information on the shop floor. 2. Reduce or eliminate setup times: aim for single digit setup times (less than 10 minutes) or â€Å"onetouch† setupthis can be done through better planning, process redesign, and product redesign. 3. Reduce lot sizes (manufacturing and purchase): reducing setup times allows economical production of smaller lots; close cooperation with suppliers is necessary to achieve reductions in order lot sizes for purchased items, since this will require more frequent deliveries. 4. Reduce lead times (production and delivery): production lead times can be reduced by moving work stations closer together, applying group technology and cellular manufacturing concepts, reducing queue length (reducing the number of jobs waiting to be processed at a given machine), and improving the coordination and cooperation between successive processes; delivery lead times can be reduced through close cooperation with suppliers, possibly by inducing suppliers to locate closer to the factory.

Nervous Tissue Glial Cells Structure and Function

Nervous Tissue Glial Cells Structure and Function Neuroglia, also called glial cells, are cells of the nervous system. They compose a voluminous support system that is essential to the proper operation of nervous tissue and the nervous system. Unlike neurons, glial cells do not have axons, dendrites, or conduct nerve impulses. Neuroglia are typically smaller than neurons and are about three times more numerous in the nervous system. Glia perform a plethora of functions in the nervous system. These functions include providing support for the brain, assisting in nervous system repair and maintenance, assisting in the development of the nervous system, insulating neurons, and providing metabolic functions for neurons. Types of Glial Cells and Their Function There are several types of glial cells present in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system of humans. Six main types of neuroglia include: AstrocytesAstrocytes are found in the brain and spinal cord and are 50 times more prevalent than neurons. Not only are astrocytes the most abundant neuroglia, but they are also the most abundant cell type in the brain. Astrocytes are noted for their star-shape. They reside in endothelial cells of the CNS that form the blood-brain barrier. This barrier prevents some substances from entering the brain and permits others entry. The two main categories of astrocytes are protoplasmic astrocytes and fibrous astrocytes. Protoplasmic astrocytes are found in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex, while fibrous astrocytes are found in white matter of the brain. The primary function of astrocytes is to provide structural and metabolic support for neurons. Additionally, astrocytes aid in signaling between neurons and brain blood vessels. This allows blood flow to increase or decrease depending on neuron activity. Other functions of astrocytes include glycogen storage, nutrient provision, ion co ncentration regulation, and neuron repair. Ependymal CellsEpendymal cells are specialized cells that line the cerebral ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord. They are found within the choroid plexus of the meninges. These ciliated cells surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus and form cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Functions of ependymal cells include CSF production, nutrient provision for neurons, filtration of harmful substances, and neurotransmitter distribution.MicrogliaMicroglia are extremely small cells of the central nervous system that remove cellular waste and protect against microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc.). Microglia are thought to be macrophages, a type of white blood cell that protects against foreign matter. They also help to reduce inflammation through the release of anti-inflammatory chemical signals. Microglia also function to protect the brain when neurons become injured or diseased by disabling the malfunctioning neurons.Satellite CellsThese glial cells cover and protect neur ons of the peripheral nervous system. They provide structure and metabolic support for sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nerves. Sensory satellite glial cells are involved in the development of chronic pain. OligodendrocytesOligodendrocytes are central nervous system structures that wrap some neuronal axons to form an insulating coat known as the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath, composed of lipids and proteins, functions as an electrical insulator of axons and promotes more efficient conduction of nerve impulses. Oligodendrocytes are found in the brains white matter, while satellite oligodendrocytes are found in gray matter. Satellite oligodendrocytes do not form myelin.Schwann CellsSchwann cells are neuroglia that wrap around some neuronal axons to form the myelin sheath in peripheral nervous system structures. Schwann cells help to improve nerve signal conduction, assist in nerve regeneration, and aid in antigen recognition by T cells. Schwann cells play a vital role in nerve repair. These cells migrate to the site of injury and release growth factors to promote nerve regeneration. Schwann cells then myelinate the newly generated nerve axons. Schwann cells are being heavily researched for their potential use in spinal cord injury repair. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells indirectly assist in the conduction of impulses as myelinated nerves can conduct impulses quicker than unmyelinated ones. Interestingly enough, the white matter in the brain gets its color from the large number of myelinated nerve cells that it contains. Other Animal Tissue Types Neuroglia are just one type of tissue found in animal organisms. Other tissue types include: Nervous Tissue: This is the primary tissue of the central nervous system. It is composed of neurons and is responsible for controlling body functions. Epithelial Tissue: This tissue covers the outside of the body and lines organs. It provides a protective barrier against germs. Connective Tissue: As the name suggests, connective tissue supports and connects tissues to other underlying tissues. Muscle Tissue: The primary tissue responsible for movement, muscle tissue is capable of contraction. Sources: Purves, Dale. â€Å"Neuroglial Cells.† Neuroscience. 2nd Edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1970, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10869/.Sofroniew, Michael V., and Harry V. Vinters. â€Å"Astrocytes: Biology and Pathology.† SpringerLink, Springer-Verlag, 10 Dec. 2009, link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00401-009-0619-8.

How to Write a Childrens Book in 5 Simple Steps the Master Guide

How to Write a Childrens Book in 5 Simple Steps the Master Guide How to Write a Children's Book: an Author's Guide So you want to know how to write a children’s book? That’s great news. Children and teenagers are some of the most devoted readers out there - just don't  underestimate the size of the task in front of you. A children’s book is sometimes mistakenly seen as â€Å"easy† to write when, in fact, the opposite is true. You’ll need to nail all the essential elements like your voice, structure, plot, and characterization†¦ with fewer pages.In this post, we ask some of our top children’s book editors for their tips on how to create a book that publishers and readers will want to buy. And from their advice, we're going to show you how to write a children's book in five steps:Understand the children's book market (and your category)Create memorable charactersTell an engaging storyHone your voiceDetermine whether you need an illustratorLet's drill a little deeper into each step, starting with the first...For some awesome examples, check out the 1 20 best children's books of all time!Step 1. Understand the children’s book market  (and your category)"The children's publishing industry deems a book successful based upon sales data, but if you want to know which books work, just look for Scotch tape. Look for the books with the weird stains on the pages, with frayed covers, torn-and-taped pages - the books that have been read so many times that they are completely falling apart. These are the hallmarks of a successful children's book." - Brian Saliba, children's editorBefore you write a word of your book, you need to figure out your target audience. You can’t expect a five-year-old kid, for instance, to give a preteen’s book the time of day - and vice versa! Literary agents, in particular, will discard any book that’s not demographic-friendly, which is why children's editor Anna Bowles advises you to tailor every aspect of your book to your age band. This includes:TopicLengthStylePlot complexityL et’s take a closer look at each of the major categories in the children’s book market. How is the children's book market split up? Find out in this guide to children's books Picture books (Ages 5-7)It’s important to note that not all books with pictures are picture books. In industry terms, a picture book is a book that relies equally on illustrations and words to tell the story. Since picture books are meant to be a child’s first reading experience, the word count is going to be very low (500 words or fewer, 1,000 tops). To perfect your written work, consider sharing it with friends, family, and children’s writing communities (such as Children’s Book Authors on Facebook or a writing group in your area). You should also test your book on your target audience: children. Kids are brutally honest so their feedback will be very valuable.If you think that you need a specialist's touch, you might want to hire a professional editor. Their decades of experience will improve your storytelling and make sure that your book is ready for the market. You can find out the cost of hiring a professional children’s book editor here.Taking the next stepOnce you’re happy with your book, it’s time to take the last step and put it out there for children to read. You can dive deep into the process in this extensive guide to publishing a children’s book.If you’re planning to self-publish, you’ll want to start thinking about marketing. Here’s a free 10-day course that provides marketing strategies to help you promote your children’s book before, during, and after its launch.Most of all, never lose sight of your goal. The journey to writing a successful children’s book might be hard, but it’ll be worth it when you picture your book in the hands of young readers everywhere.Are you writing a children's book right now? Do you have any more questions for our professional editors? Leave them in the comment box below and we'll answer right away!

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

International Business Strategy - Essay Example also factors related to consumer viewpoint in their willingness to sample new products with unknown new competitive players, based also on their traditional cultural values. These factors need to be considered prior to entering Spain as a viable profit opportunity. However, evidence provides that the growth rates in Spain associated with consumer willingness to purchase mobile products makes this a quality opportunity if new methods to undercut these values can be accomplished through marketing or other innovative communications methods. Spain represents a tremendous new market opportunity that is marked with sustained growth, despite problems that exist in labour shortages and the presence of a highly regulated labour market. It is recommended to pursue this strategy of expansion into the Spanish marketplace and improve long-term manufacturing and R&D capabilities in the process. Tiko Mobile Technology Limited is a mobile manufacturing product located in Cairo, Egypt. Tiko began manufacturing Network products in 1988 and produces its first mobile phone in 2002. Since then, Tiko Mobile Technology Ltd has produced many models that have faired well in most countries. Tiko has its own SMT line, R&D centre and Assembly Line that have been instrumental to its success in maintaining and cultivating long-term business relationships. The core business activities of the company include ODM (Original Design Manufacturing) and OEM and (Original Equipment Manufacturing) of mobile phones. Its brand name is TAMGO and has 485 employees. Its Annual Sales translates to $850,000 with an OEM capability of 160,000 per month. Currently, it has two major mobile phone products which include 3G mobile phones and GSM phones. Tiko believes in acting for better communication around the globe and for this, the company has invested in Assets and Human resource in order to give its client s the individual care needed. They believe in letting the client specify his unique needs and carefully

International Management 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Management 9 - Essay Example Determination is the driving force and he advocates for survival even through hardships and setbacks (Daft 2002). The CEO of Virgin Group is a team builder; Branson has realized his capabilities as a leader and due to these he has endeavored to build a working team to complement those areas he perceives to be weak in (Mintzberg 2004 & Peterson 2003). He has a sense of respect for ethical and moral issues for the workers and gives them fair recognition and appreciation, he is loyal to those he works with however he has tough negotiation and interpersonal skills and very ruthless (Mayer 2004 & Parker 2007). Charismatic is another description of Branson, whether learnt behavior of an element of personality is not important, but he has managed to stay charming to his partners and business associates and clients (Judge et al 2002), and this makes him able to become what he wants especially when he appears in public. He is a team builder playing role in team building activities like games and stunts. One of the critical point of his team building activity is the appointment of the management team. Studies indicate that the team has profound influence on the strategy implemented by the organization especially the top leaders (Daft 2002). He provides incentives and creative processes that are autonomous to an extent that they are given shareholding allowance. Global marketing calls for diversity. One such diversified business is the virgin Atlantic company, operating in planes, trains and space shuttle, and Sir Richard Branson in the chairman of the business. He has adopted the global management strategy that is founded on creativity, sound decision making and visionary approach. Sir Richard Branson leadership strategy is very effective and it is bound to work even in future, this is because he is a visionary leader who does not restrict the development of his business

ServerVault Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ServerVault - Case Study Example The contribution margin shall be the total revenue minus the overhead costs per unit. The overhead costs are $50,000. The break even point is thus the total overhead costs divided by the contribution margin. This equals $(50,000/1.300=38). The break even point is thus 38 servers. This number is important given that it determines the number of units that should be sold to earn a profit. In this case, it is 39 units or more. The key drivers behind cash generation on consumption for ServerVault are the security features it offers and it reliability. While the security feature is seven-layered and has thus met the U.S. Department of Defense security standards, the reliability feature results from its use of multiple internet access points. The revenue from the facility is $1,300 as a result of the two drivers. The cash consumption from the premises and the facilities installed is due to the fact that ServerVault has not reached its breakeven point. Beyond this point, the business would be profitable. With the total number of the servers (Dec-02) at 14,137,000 from a mere 3 in January of 2000, the business is promising. The cash position keeps improving too. From a difference of less than $20,000 in January 2000, the cash position improved to a difference of more than $1.5m in May of the same year. To this end, ServerVault should concentrate on reducing debt while increasing its returns to hit the breakeven point soon enough. This will win the confidence of investors and thus allow for injection of more capital for its

Features Of An Effective Presentation

Features Of An Effective Presentation A presentation is a tool for communicating opinions and ideas of the speaker in front of the group of people. Presentation is very important for any profession like in a business to spread the information about any product launch etc., in teaching and training or so on. Being able to speak efficiently is an asset for any profession. The success of presentation depends on the confidence and capability of a speaker. Anybody can give good presentation just by practicing and preparing for presentation. A can be given in so many ways i.e. it can be oral, PowerPoint presentation, multimedia etc. Good presentations contain these elements: Content : it is the very important element because it contains the information which is needed for a presentation Structure: it is another main element of a presentation because a presentation should have the proper structure i.e. logical beginning, middle and proper end. FEATURE OF AN EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION PURPOSE OF PRESETATION: It is useful to make sure the exact purpose of the presentation. A presentation usually has 4 basic functions: To inform To encourage To persuade To entertain Audience research: Every communication must be in form and style which suits the audience. The tone and the matter of the speech depend upon the nature of the audience. In analysing the audience, age group is very important factor. Different age group respond differently to the presentation. High school children like to be treated as adults they can appreciate sincerity and are not very critical. Visual aids are effective Children love to listen to stories and they appreciate dramatic presentation emotions of joys and sorrows can be aroused through stories. Preparation of the text of the presentation: In any presentation the subject matter of the presentation is very primary concern because the subject and the matter is very important for any presentation without the matter of the presentation any presentation cant be successful. Structuring the subject matter : A presentation has 3 parts the introduction, the main body and the conclusion. Structuring of the text helps the presentation in following ways: Establishing the relationship among ideas Developing the complete arguments Tightening the text as per the time constraints Providing the audience a grip on the subject matter Emphasizing the significant ideas of the theme Stimulating the audience to learn what he or she thinks Registering the important concept with the audience Language and style : The style of the oral presentation is different from the written presentation in any language the difference must be kept in mind while drafting a presentation the style of the presentation must be simple and direct as the conversation. Timing for speech in an oral presentation: The efficient speaker arranges the text of his speech in such a way that till the end of the presentation the listener do not get restless. Also the time of day affects the audience. The afternoon hours hardly make any listener interested to listen to a presentation. But yet an efficient speaker may try to make that session interesting. For keeping to time an efficient speaker takes care of the concentration problem that the audience has with regards to time. Environment for speaking while making presentation: For effective speaking the venue or the place of delivering the speech plays a very important role. The speaker must be aware of the size of the room where he or she has to deliver the speech for an oral presentation. Sometimes the rooms are large and echoing. Speaking in such rooms require less resonating sound. The voice should be a little muffled showing the lower notes. However, it should have the required power. For the acoustically treated rooms the resonance of the speech in an oral presentation has absolutely different kinds of impression on the audience. The speaker should also check his or her voice in the rooms; find it out on his or her own, whether it reaches the last listener sitting at the back row. He or she should also find out how the delivery of the voice is. Has he or she practiced with the microphone? The room should be well-ventilated and well-illuminated. There should not be any distractions to both the speaker and the listeners. The distractions like noise and any other interruptions should not be entertained. The seating layout also determines the voice flow, voice reverberation. Every seating arrangement has its merits and demerits. There is various seating arrangement available. When the audience sits in rows like that in a theatre, there is difficulty in eye contact between the speaker and the listener. The environment is very formal. The horseshoe pattern of seating arrangement is more informal and it helps in increasing participation. The curved rows too hinder proper eye contact. People sitting around tables make it very informal unless the Audience is divided into groups for formal intercourse. INTRODUCTION OF STEVE JOBS STEVE JOBS full name was STEVEN PAUL STEVE JOBS, he was the American entrepreneur. He is known as the co-founder, chairmen and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. apart from that Steve jobs also co-founded the Pixar Animation Studios. He became the member of board of directors in The Walt Disney co. in 2006. Steve jobs founded next a computer platform development co. C:UsersparulDesktopsteve-jobs-quotes-4.jpg STEVE JOBS WAY OF PRESENTATION As everybody knows that the Steve jobs way of presentation is very unique because he not only conveys the information but he inspire the audience he sells the product and sizzles at the same time. Setting the theme of the presentation: Steve jobs always start his presentation by setting the theme like there is something in the air today by saying these words Steve jobs sets the theme of the presentation. Every presentation needs a theme but its not compulsory to give it in the start last year Steve jobs sets the theme about 20 min into his presentation once you set the theme make sure to deliver it several times in the presentation. Demonstrate enthusiasm: Every time when Steve jobs gives the presentation he shows his passion for the computer design. During his presentation he uses the words like cool extraordinary and amazing because always remember the wants to be wowed they dont want to get bored. In giving a presentation always remember to inject your personality into it if you think a particular feature for your product is the awesome because if you are not enthusiastic about your product then how a can a customer shows interest in that product. Provide an outline: Providing the outline to the presentation is again very important. Steve jobs outlined the presentation by saying there are 4 things I want to talk about today. So lets get started. Steve jobs followed his outlines by verbally opening or closing each of the section. Make the list and offer your audience the guide post along the way. Make numbers meaningful: When Steve jobs announced that the apple had sold the 4 million phones, he did not simply leave the number out of context. Instead he says that 20000 phones every day on an average. Numbers do not mean much unless they are placed in context. Try for an unforgettable moment: Unforgettable moment is the moment in your presentation that everyone will be talking about in every Steve jobs presentation the unforgettable moment is always their. Create the experience: Plan and create your ideas in analogy before you starting your presentation. Answer the one question that matters in the listeners mind. Have a clear sense of purpose of presentation. Develop- twitter like headlines. Use the rule of three to create a road map the listener can follow. Always identify your enemy who are against you. Always take intermission in every ten minutes. Deliver the experience: Make your visuals simple, highly visual and completely engaged. Bring statistics to life by providing a contextual framework people can use. Create interested and memorable words in your presentation. Share the stage with your partners. Use props and actual product demonstrations. Have one definitive moment in your presentation. Never forget your second intermission. Refine and rehearse: Never forget how you say something is just as important as what you say . Rehearse and then rehearse some more until you can make it worthless. Dress the convey the impression you are trying to make. Your speech become polished whatever you speak to the audience not your slides. Always have fun- even when things go wrong. Always end with a bang- have an encore which is legendary like one more thing! These all are the secrets of presentation of Steve jobs. The presentations of Steve Jobs are very much like a dramatic play- a finely crafted and rehearsed performance that informs, entertains and inspires. If you are passionate about your topic, you are 80% closer to developing the magnetism that Jobs has. Do not let your ideas die because you failed to present them in a way that sparked the imagination of your listeners. Use Jobs techniques to reach the hearts and minds of everyone you hope to influence.

My Philosophy of Education :: Educational Teaching Teachers Essays

My Philosophy of Education While thinking about my personal philosophy of education and such questions as "What is the purpose of education?' or "What is the role of the teacher?" I have come to realize that my personal views can only be described as eclectic. I find that I agree with some (but not all) of the tenets of many of the major philosophies so far as education is concerned. My personal belief is that there is no single "way" of educating or education that is correct for every child, and as a future teacher I believe that I must be willing to be flexible and adaptable to any given situation , utilizing my knowledge of the various philosophies of education to create an approach to education that will provide each student with a learning environment and a learning experience that is best for him or her. When it comes to the curriculum taught in schools, I agree with the Perennialists' view that the curriculum should include the works and ideas of the Great Thinkers of the past, the fine arts, and philosophy, as well as the view that teachers should also instruct students in both character training and positive moral development. This is not just a job for the parents of children but for all adults in society as well, and since teachers spend almost as much time with children as their parents it is foolish to think that children will not look at the teacher as a role model whether or not the teacher intends for them to. I also agree with the Essentialist point of view that the curriculum should include such subjects as reading, writing, history, mathematics, sciences, foreign languages, computer skills, geography, social studies, and government. I feel that students who have a strong background in the basics of a variety of topics will have a better school experience and will be better prepared not only for higher education experiences, or experiences in the job market, but for life experiences in general. I also feel, like the Social Reconstructivists, that students need a curriculum that addresses the topics of cultural pluralism, human relations, social problems, and global issues as well. Students need to be aware of what goes on in the world, of their role in it, their responsibility to it, and of the ways that they can bring about changes in a positive way.

Conventional Silver-Based Film Cameras vs Digital Cameras

Conventional silver-based film is still the recommended technology for evidentiary photography or for field applications. These cameras offer the highest resolution possibilities as well as the highest dynamic range. They have the best color range and are the most flexible of the currently available camera technology options. Silver-based film is the most durable storage medium as well, and is more readily available than video or digital storage media (â€Å"Guidelines). Resolution quality, or the sharpness of detail, is one of the most significant advantages of silver-based film. The extremely small sized silver crystals for this type of film allow silver-based film cameras to have a much higher resolution than digital cameras. 35mm camera negatives have an approximate resolution of 5500 x 3600 pixels, while digital cameras typically only have a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels. That equates to only 1.6 percent of the information that is captured with a silver-based film camera being captured with a digital camera (â€Å"Guidelines†). There are disadvantages to using this sort of camera, however. First is the need for a separate processing and printing facilities. In addition, there is a relatively long processing time involved for silver-based film. Processing the film also creates environmentally hazardous byproducts, in addition the film prior to processing is sensitive to temperature and humidity changes, as well as x-rays. The most notable disadvantage is that there is no way for the photographer to evaluate the image immediately, unless instant film is used (â€Å"Guidelines†). Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Cameras: Digital cameras offer some distinct advantages over other types of cameras. The foremost benefit they offer the user is the ability to view the image instantly and verify that image is exactly what was wanted. In addition, the image can be transmitted or shared with very few intermediate steps. Onsite image management as well as printing are added advantages, as well as more environmentally friendly media than film (â€Å"Guidelines†). The disadvantages of digital cameras, however, often outweigh its advantages. Digital cameras require batteries or alternate power supplies to operate. This means that there is a negative environmental impact, power must be converted, and a power supply must always be available. Storage media, although becoming more readily available, is still not available universally. Acquiring an image may be interfered with by electromagnetic fields, and once an image is acquired it may go through an automatic compression, losing some of the detail. Digital camera hardware and software are not always compatible with other manufacturers and there is a need for increased technical support. Lastly, as technology evolves there may be an impact on the ability to access image files, when that file format becomes outdated (â€Å"Guidelines†). Advantages and Disadvantages of Video Cameras: Video cameras have become more and more popular with the advancements in technology. Video cameras allow for a real-time motion record and the recorder can immediately review the images captured to ensure they are what was desired. Like digital cameras, video cameras can transmit and disseminate images with very few steps in between and they are more environmentally friendly than silver-based film. One of the most significant advantages to video cameras is their ability to not only capture video imagery but also audio as well (â€Å"Guidelines†). Yet, there are disadvantages to this technology as well. Like digital cameras, video cameras require batteries or an alternate power supply, and these have a negative environmental impact and the availability of these affect whether or not the video camera can be used. Video camera storage media is also subject to damage due to electromagnetic fields, and like digital cameras, electromagnetic interference may affect image acquisition. Resolution on video cameras is less than either digital or silver-based film cameras and there is limited color fidelity. Add to these the challenge that handheld video cameras lack image stability and that the weight and portability of some equipment may prove to be a problem. High end digital video cameras are better resolution than analog cameras (â€Å"Guidelines†). Advantages and Disadvantages of Hybrid Imaging Systems: Hybrid imaging systems combine silver-based film technology with digital technology. The advantages of this type of system is that there is less time to be spent in the darkroom and the camera maintains the high-quality film images. With this high quality, there is still the flexibility that comes with digital image processing. Just like digital cameras, images can easily be transferred electronically and can be analyzed electronically as well. This system also simplifies case-file management and can use a variety of output devices (â€Å"Guidelines†). There are disadvantages to this system, however. There is still a need for separate processing and printing facilities for the silver-based film, which includes the lengthy processing time and the environmentally hazardous byproducts. Just like a regular silver-based film camera, the preprocessed film is fragile and can be damaged by temperature, humidity and x-rays. And, it requires increased technical support, unlike a regular silver-based film camera (â€Å"Guidelines†). Personal Opinion on Which Camera is Best for Crime Scene Photography: Crime scene photography requires clear pictures of specific details that may not remain at the scene. For this reason, there is one feature that is absolutely mandatory when considering which camera is best suited for crime scene photography. The first is that the camera must have a high enough resolution to capture the important details of the images captured. This narrows the choices of the camera down to then, either the silver-based film camera or the hybrid imaging system. Of course when one considers the importance of ensuring that all crime scene facets are photographed adequately, it becomes clear that the ability to review an image instantaneously is a powerful benefit. With this ability, the photographer can ensure that he has captured exactly what he wants on film, without the risk of missing something that may not be able to be filmed later. For this reason, the hybrid imaging system appears to be the best choice. It not only allows for the high resolution necessary to capture important details, but allows the photographer instant access to the images he or she just took, so that they can verify that they captured everything they would like. Although this system does have the processing drawbacks of silver-based film, it also has the benefits of being able to transmit image files electronically, as well as the enhanced storage and filing.

Foundation Degree Paramedic Science Essay

Assignment – Critique of research article, â€Å"life after cancer; Living with the risk† Word count 2500 (excluding refs) Submission date – 6th July 2012 The purpose of this essay aims to provide a critical evaluation of a research article titled life after cancer; living with risk (Wilkins and Woodgate, Cancer Nursing 2011 vol 34, no 6, P487-494) it will be structured according to the recommendations of the critique guidelines of Parahoo, 1988. Parahoo states that the title should not be long and complicated and should reflect as much as possible what the research is about (Parahoo and Reid 1988, P69). The title in this case meets this criteria, it is concise but clear and suggestive of the content and context. It does not presume to validate or invalidate the research; again this is a recommendation of Parahoo 1988. The title is 2 parts, Life after cancer; this could be interpreted as life of a carer or relative after a cancer patient has died or indeed life for a cancer patient after successful treatment. The second part of the title (living with risk) goes someway to qualify the first and elicit that the subject matter discusses living with risk after cancer treatment. It does not however explain in the title what â€Å"the risk† refers to. This perceived risk could be research into a possibility that cancer survivors take more risks in everyday life than non-cancer survivors as they have faced their the harsh reality of their own morbidity and overcome this. It is not until reading the full text that it becomes apparent that the risk refers to the risk of being diagnosed with a secondary form of cancer. The researchers of the study have a strong affiliation to the field and both possess recognised formal qualifications, unusually both in the fields of nursing and medicine making both very credible. No conflicts have been disclosed again adding credibility to the study and findings as unbiased. The abstract of the does provide an overview of the intentions of the study, the sample used, an overview of the results, conclusions and the implications for practice. The abstract lists key area’s under the bullet points of, â€Å"background, objective, method, results and conclusions.† Making the study easy to follow and read in a logical and accepted format. The abstract is suitably brief but enticing with a word count of 225 words, this word count is an average size for an abstract but goes slightly over the 150-200 words recommended the book entitled, â€Å"the art of abstracting†, (Cremmins, Edward, The Art of Abstracting 2nd Edition, Info Resources Press, April 1996) The objective attempts to explain the rationale for the study and is neatly and subsinctly summarised in one sentence. The method of the study is of an interprative, qualitative nature examining in some depth the feelings perceptions and views of cancer survivors though a descriptive approach using face to face semi structured interviews. The interviews took place in the subjects own homes, this would suggest that the subject was comfortable and at ease leading to an open, frank and honest interview providing valuable and unbiased data. An interview guide was used during the interview to assist participants to articulate their thoughts; the study does not go into any further detail to clarify what was contained within the interview guide and how this may affect any results obtained from questions throughout the interview process. The results data was analysed by the constant comparative method of data analysis. This method of data analysis lends itself to complex and sensitive situations allowing the researcher to gain the trust of the subjects. (Method of Qualitative Analysis, Barney G. Glaser, Social Problems, Vol.12, No. 4, 1965, pp. 436-445) The conclusion summarises the key findings and recommendations contained within the study and is to the point leading onto the implications for practise which are summarised in context with the study. There is an acknowledgement within the implications that the findings are a foundation which is subjective that further research would be beneficial to build on findings of the subject with the objective of improving detection, treatment and views on secondary cancer. The literature review discusses numerous previous studies on the subject matter and references 11 others containing both qualitative and quantitative research giving a broad background into the study. The vast majority of previous studies appear to be of a quantitative nature which adds validity to the alternative qualitative approach chosen for this study. All of this indicates that the authors have researched the topic and acknowledge previous work contributed by other researchers in the study area. This strongly suggests a high awareness of the topic and gives due credit to other researchers, it is mentioned in the data collection methods section of the study that the literature review influenced the interview guide developed to assist with data collection which further acknowledges previous research. It does not appear within the context of the study that the literature review has bias or undue influence on the findings but rather to support their validity as the method of the st udy and findings of this study are presented from a different perspective. However to maintain a balanced perspective we should consider the reasons that to date only one previous study has been a qualitative study with almost 10 times that amount of previous quantitative studies in the area, the rationale for this is approach is discussed and addressed with good effect in the last paragraph of the literature review. An argument for using qualitative a method for this study is that quantitative studies can be criticised for attempting to reduce a highly complex situation into a simple cause and effect paradox. Therefore the rationale for using qualitative methods does seem highly relevant and would support the data collection method chosen and the survey design. As interviewing allows the researcher to gain unique insight into other perspectives about the phenomenon being researched (Glesne and Peskin 1992) the argument put across is a rather compelling one to support further research using the method chosen to give a balanced view with evidence from both q ualitative and quantitative data research rather than from just one perspective. The hypnosis attempts to establish the perceived risks of a secondary diagnosis of cancer following successful treatment and attempts to obtain the views of the participants in relation to screening for the well-established increased medical risk, the hypothesis sets out to demonstrate that views are conflicting and wide ranging; throughout the text this hypothesis becomes well established. The overall approach of the study as previously discussed was an interpretive, descriptive qualitative design although the purpose states that this is part of a larger mixed method study aimed at establishing themes and patterns through the views and opinions of participants that had been specifically selected for inclusion due to their previous diagnosis, treatment and subsequent survival of various forms of cancer. The sample group was a relatively small number using only 22 participants (16 women and 6 men, it could be argued that this was a female dominated sample group that may have implications on the results) however using the qualitative format the sample group was of an acceptable size, the focus of the qualitative data is on the quality of the data collected as each participant is a source of a large volume of data. (Boswell and Cannon, Introduction to nursing research, qualitative research meathods, chapter 8, page 196.) The sample group was specifically selected to fit the inclusion criteria (Cancer survivors who were 5 or more years out from the initial cancer diagnosis, at least 19 years old at the time of the interview, resident to the area of the interviews and could speak and understand English) The nature of the selection and inclusion was purposive in nature, this is perfectly acceptable as the objective is to explore and describe the phenomena and not generalise the findings as qualitative research by its nature is not specifically designed to be representative of the general population. (Holloway and Wheeler, 2010, p 138) The research method chosen was specifically designed to be an emic perspective to describe the thoughts and feelings of post cancer patients, this method is ideal to understand and describe complex and sensitive information. Purposive sampling has been used as the participants have all been selected due to specific criteria. The primary goal in purposive sampling is not to generate a sample that is representative but rather one that is selected to represent certain subject characteristics that are relevant to the investigation. (Stommel and Wills, Clinical research, concepts and principles for advanced practice nurses, p302-303) A clear description of the sampling rationale and recruitment process is evident, (Bluff 1997). To maximise variation participants were selected that had differing ages at the time of the initial diagnosis and different types of cancer. This demonstrates an excellent cross section of variables to maximise results. Participants were recruited exclusively from a central cancer registry and hospital based database, the study goes on to state that this register is â€Å"largely untapped† meaning that the participants would not have preconceived ideas or previous experience of prior studies of this kind. Non eligible potential participants were excluded from the study prior to recruitment to ensure validity of the study. The age range was 19 – 87 years, however with the upper age range it could be concluded that the perceived risk of secondary cancer and subsequent screening views may vary vastly from younger participants due to the age difference. Fifteen of the participants were employed (full or part time) and the remaining participants were either retired or disabled, it could be argued that unemployed and disadvantaged people were not represented in the sample group who may have had differing views from the sample group interviewed. This assumption could also be continued that as all participants were white, ethnic groups were under represented and again may have differing views due to racial, cultural or social backgrounds. An argument that only white participents were deliberately selected for the study is a moot point as cancer is not a racially or culturally specific disease as perhaps a study into something like sickle cell crisis would be. The age range was wide and the average age is listed as 40 years old at the time of diagnosis however we know that some participants were far from the average age at the time of diagnosis but this maximises variation in the study. The data was collection method for the study was done using a semi structured interview technique; the same researcher (Krista Wilkins, PhD, RN) completed all of the 23 face to face interviews. By using the same researcher we can assume continuity of the interview with the same structure being followed throughout. It is noted that 1 participant was interviewed twice because the first interview had ended early, the study does not elaborate as the reasons why the first interview ended early. By being interviewed twice an argument could be put that the data collected should not be included as the participant may have had time to think about, discuss and research the upcoming questions in the repeat interview which could potentially affect the validity of the findings, this presumably was not considered to be an issue as the participant and data were not excluded from the study or conclusions drawn. As mentioned previously in the literature review key themes that had been discovered in the literature review were included to develop an interview guide. This suggests that all of the interviews were conducted not only by the same researcher but also following the same structure (or semi structure) with the interview guide being used as an â€Å"aide memoir† to keep the interviews on track and relevant. A person centred open ended approach was used as research shows that people respond well to this type of questioning ensuring that the information elicited was detailed, personal and rich in information.(Geer JG, Public opinion quarterly, volume 52, issue 3, p356-357) The interviews took place in the participants own homes which would establish both comfort and confidence in a familiar and â€Å"safe† environment encouraging an open, honest and useful interview and eliminating the desire for social acquiescence however we must remind mindful of participant reactivity to the researcher in this technique. The interviews lasted generally no longer than an hour, the timeframe given is credible and suggestive that the participant was allowed sufficient time to relax and â€Å"open up† within the interview ensuring rich data collection but without the effect of feeling rushed or exhausted discussing a potentially stressful, personal and emotive topic. However no upper or lower time limit was set so that if the data being collected at the point of an hour was valuable the participant was not cut short and valuable data excluded. Field notes were taken immediately after the interviews and included observations about the setting and impressions including non-verbal communications. This could be criticised as being a subjective observation and no reference is made to indicate the qualifications of the interviewer to make meaningful conclusion from observations of this type. All interviews were digitally recorded (with the participants consent) the recordings and field notes were later transcribed verbatim which supports the validity and credibility of the study immensely. There was no evidence of a pilot study to add further validity to this study. In this study all proper ethical principles have been adhered to, ethical permission was granted by gaining informed consent from all participants and from local university and hospital ethical review committees. The process lead to a delay between the study being carried out and publication with the study taking place between July 2008 and July 2009 and publication in issue 34 of the publication, Cancer nursing in Nov – Dec 2011. (Wilkins and Woodgate, Life after cancer – living with the risk, Cancer nursing, issue 34, p487 – 494, Dec 2011) but this length of time is not uncommon. The importance of gaining ethical approval is so that no harm comes to participants and the research community as a whole is not affected by the negatives of publicity which bring the research community into disrepute and go against the very objective of research to improve evidence based practice (Blaber, A. 2008, Foundations for Paramedic Practice, a Theoretical Perspective). The data analysis in this case forms the main body of the study and gives numerous personal experiences and thoughts to form the findings, all quotes have been annomalised to maintain the dignity and privacy of the participants. The data is broken down in a logical format helping the reader to understand the conclusions reached by the researchers and go a long way to help understand how the findings were reached. The limitations of the study are readily acknowledged and openly state that the findings are not generalised to all cancer survivors, it goes on to state that the data was only collected at one time point, this could be addressed by further studies and perhaps a longitudinal study would be beneficial to broaden the picture. The study failed to reveal any risk perceptions due to different variables for example age, type of cancer etc. To its credit the limitations does acknowledge that ethnic variability may have revealed additional information. The discussion is an in depth appraisal of the study as a whole including the findings, the conclusion is brief and does not introduce any new information, rather it summarises the previous sections of the study and draws the reader to an informed conclusion. Reference List Blaber, A. (2008) Foundations for Paramedic Practice, a Theoretical Perspective. Open University Press, pg 49. Boswell, C and Cannon, S. (2011) Introduction to nursing research, qualitative research methods, Jones and Bartlett publishers, chapter 8, pg 196. Cremmins, E. (1996) The Art of Abstracting 2nd Edition, Info Resources Press, pg. 46 Geer JG, (2005) Public opinion quarterly, volume 52, issue 3, Lawrence Erlbaum associates publishers, p356-357 Glaser, B. (1965) Method of Qualitative Analysis, Social Problems, Vol.12, No. 4, pp. 436-445 Holloway, I. and Wheeler, S. (2010) Qualitative Research in Nursing and Healthcare. 3rd ed. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, pg. 6, pg.138. Parahoo, K. (1988) Research Skills, Number 5. Critical Reading of Research. Nursing Times, 84 (43),pg 69-72 Stommel, M and Wills, C. (2004) Clinical research, concepts and principles for advanced practice nurses, Lippincott Williams and Williams, p302-303 Wilkins, K and Woodgate, R. (Dec 2011) Cancer nursing, Life after cancer – living with the risk, Lippincott Williams and Williams, issue 34, p487 – 494.