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What is penal welfarism? Garlands theory.
What is correctional welfarism? Wreaths hypothesis. What is corrective welfarism? Assess the effect it has had on adolescent equity chang...
Saturday, May 23, 2020
Tuesday, May 12, 2020
Ending The Stigmatization Against Those With Mental Illness
Ending The Stigmatization Against Those With Mental Illness By: Georgia Canfield 4/25/16 Dr. Gullian Authors Goetzel, Ozminkowski, Sederer, and Mark estimated that around one in five Americans will be affected by some sort of mental illness in their lifetime (Goetzel, Ozminkowski, Sederer, Mark 2002). This study indicates that millions of Americans suffer from mental illness, which is often overlooked and still not fully understood. From a sociological perspective one could ask the following: What does society classify as a mental illness, who suffers from mental illness, how do those with mental illness interact with society, and how does society respond to those classified as having a mental illness. These questions can be answered by evaluating the stigma generally held by society about those who suffer from a mental illness and how they are in turn disadvantaged due to said stigma. Possible solutions for ending the stigma held include increasing public ads on mental illness, providing courses on college campuses about the prevalence and treatment of it, having frequent lessons in elementary and high school, widely accessible businesses and numbers that offer treatment and having those with mental illness tell someone they trust that they are suffering. Sociologist and author Ferrante provided an insight on how society interacts with those who have a mental illness when she explained,Show MoreRelatedWhen An Individual Has Lung Cancer, There Is An Immediate1411 Words à |à 6 PagesIndividuals who suffer from a mental illness are often stigmatized by prejudice and discriminatory views or actions, through the stereotypical portrayals and mass media characterization of people with mental disorders. First, one must understand the reasons and origins of mental illnesses. Individuals with mental disorders/illnesses may suffer from child abuse, sexual abuse, drug abuse, psychological trauma, childhood trauma, may have a family history of a relative having a mental disorder, or may sufferRead MoreHomelessness Is Becoming An Epidemic1566 Words à |à 7 Pagesbarriers, a lack of affordable and appropriate housing, the individual/householdââ¬â¢s financial, mental, cognitive, behavioral or physical challenges, and/or racism and discrimination. Most people do not choose to be homeless, and the experience is generally negative, unpleasant, stressful and distressingâ⬠. More importantly, recent research studies have shown increased association between prevalence of mental illness among the homelessness in western countries. For example, Fazel, Khosia, Doll, and GeddesRead MoreBirth Defects in differenct Cultures1229 Words à |à 5 Pages Since the 1960s, the federal government introduced ways that mentally ill patients could live outside a mental hospital, where they were confined from the general public, and live a normal life. Many communities and mental centers were built to allow continuous and efficient care for those patients from their homes. Yet, the question remains whether or not the whole world has accepted mental illnesses. Many believe that the mentally ill should be hidden from society out of shame and humiliationRead MoreBenefits Of Leisure And Leisure865 Words à |à 4 PagesResults Benefits of Leisure Although recreation and leisure has been proven to be beneficial to the physical and mental health of youth, sports participation has declined from 77% in 1992 to 59% in 2005 (Holt, Kingsley, Tink, Scherer, 2010). In 2005 Spinney and Millward (2010) did a study determining that despite the benefits of leisure those living in financial poverty are not participated in active programs as they are costly, despite having the desire to. Physical inactivity can have seriousRead MoreHomelessness : Homeless Population, Origins And Consequences Of Homelessness1373 Words à |à 6 Pagesrisk factors for the homeless population, origins and consequences of homelessness, prevention and treatment strategies, and other considerations will be presented. The definition of homelessness may cover a broad range of individuals, including those physically deprived of a home and housed persons unwilling to remain in their homes (Ravenhill 6). Some researchers conceptualize homelessness as ââ¬Å"alienation from the rest of the society.â⬠This type of alienation originates from losing connection withRead MoreCauses Of Suicide Among Young Rural Women2227 Words à |à 9 Pagestimes more often associated with mental illness than not.1 The explanations for these trends draw on psychological and sociological theories: it has been hypothesized that men are more likely than women to use lethal means of attempting suicide, and that the economic hardship, unemployment, and social disintegration that afflict city life make suicide a greater problem in urban than in rural areas.4 In China, however, the trends regarding gender, urban status, and mental health are surprisingly reversed:Read MoreSuicide Among Young Rural Women2226 Words à |à 9 Pagestimes more often associated with mental illness than not.1 The explanations for these trends draw on psychological and sociological theories: it has been hypothesized that men are more likely than women to use lethal means of attempting suicide, and that the economic hardship, unemployment, and social disintegration that afflict city life make suicide a greater problem in urban than in rural areas.4 In China, however, the trends regarding gender, urban status, and mental health are surprisingly reversed:Read MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness2582 Words à |à 11 PagesI. INTRODUCTION Until recently, few health insurance plans provided coverage for mental health services to the same extent as physical health services, if they were covered at all. The reasons for the discrimination in health insurance vary, but mental illnesses historically have not been well understood by the public, and people have had a hard time understanding that mental illnesses are biologically based diseases that affect the mind and body just like any other disease that has solely physicalRead MoreHealth Disparities Among Minorities : A Pervasive Problem Within The United States.the Institute Of Medicine Defines Disparity2469 Words à |à 10 Pagesand adolescents that identify as part of the sexual minority, lesbian, gay or bisexual, experience a different subset of health disparities in addition to those earlier discussed. A study published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing found that family acceptance of a childââ¬â¢s sexual orientation directly affects their mental and physical health (Ryan, Russell, Huebner, Diaz and Sanchez 205). This study, ââ¬Å"showed clear associations between parental rejecting behaviors during adolescenceRead MoreSexual Predators2439 Words à |à 10 Pagesrelationships with other adults (Henderson, 39). Eight-five percent of sexual activity was nonorgasmic with one-fourth of activity ending before any stimulation occurred by the offender (Sanford, 83). Now that we know some offenders characteristics, it is paramount that we learn to identify traits that may be common to youthful victims. Characteristics of a victim Crimes against Children Research Center (CCRC) at the University of New Hampshire found current research makes the stereotype of the online
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Where I Was From An Exploration of Joan Didionââ¬â¢s Personal and Social Unrest Free Essays
Where I Was From is a cultured collection of essays written in 2003. To be able to fully understand the intricate notions woven in the book, there is a need to comprehend the creatorââ¬â¢s style and background, for the readers to visualize where all the viewpoints and misapprehensions come from. Joan Didion, the creator behind this politically, socially and emotionally linked memoir is a renowned American journalist, essayist, and novelist. We will write a custom essay sample on Where I Was From: An Exploration of Joan Didionââ¬â¢s Personal and Social Unrest or any similar topic only for you Order Now Much of her works relates to her life in California, her hometown, mostly during the 1960ââ¬â¢s. She is commended for her style in writing mixed personal reflections and social analyses. She writes about paranoia, clear-eyed analyses of the American culture, and personal and social discontent. She was known to be a conservative writer during her early years, but later adapted to the liberal tenets of democracy. She had written five novles, eight nonfiction including Where I come From, and also had collaborations with her husband, John Gregory Dunne, in writing a number of screenplays (Encyclopedia of World Biography on Joan Didion, n. . , p. 1). Where I Was From centers about the history of California, and Joan Didionââ¬â¢s relationship to it and to her mother. Noticeably, she loves the use of commas and lengthy sentences to highlight her narration. Her tune seems melancholic, expressing her confusions about the place, and the way in which she grew up. She feels that there is a sense of perplexity on which she has become. Thus, she contemplated on the American frontier myth, which refers to the unresolved land outside the region of existing settlements of Americans. The American Frontier is a ââ¬Ëmythical placeââ¬â¢ where unrestrained free land was available, resulting to unlimited opportunity (Eidenbach, 2008, p. 99). Where I Was From 3 She also pinpointed the ferocity of a group of popular white high school men, referred to as the Spur Posse incident of 1993. They used a ââ¬Ëpoint-systemââ¬â¢ record to account for their sexual conquests (Fineman, 1997, p. 177). In addition, when the industry about aircrafts and defense weaponries during the World War II flourished, the people from Lakewood, Califfornia, did as well. Later on, it turned out that the industry was built with the Feds support. Dismally, when that support was withdrawn, the industry doomed. These facts are just some of the historical context implicated in the book (Godbersen, 2003, p. 1). Based on my understanding, Joan Didion uses this as a metaphor in comparison with her life, and generally the rustic myth of Californiaââ¬â¢s origins. What is seen and observed literally does not depict the real circumstances being dealt upon. The veneer of lifeââ¬â¢s misapprehensions cannot be uncovered by the present analysis itself, for circumstances are intertwined and indeed perplexing to the mind. She compares it with her life, believing she had known herself and her history for so long, only to find out that her viewpoints are inadequate to portray the truth. Joan Didionââ¬â¢s work is so complex in it entirety, it was rich with personal experiences and historical context throughout each essay. Some facts were even misleading to the querying mind. Nevertheless, they are still all intertwined with each other, somehow. It is difficult to summarize such an intricate work, but she retaliates to her readers with an overall realization, that is, the culture that we see today is a direct consequence of a population of survivalists. References Eidenbach, K. (2008). Critical Legal Studies and the Lawless Frontier. Retrieved November 4, 2008, from: http://www.thecritui.com/articles/kirstin.pdf Encyclopedia of World Biography on Joan Didion. (n.d.). Retrieved November 4, 2008, from:à http://www.bookrags.com/biography/joan-didion/ Fineman, M., McCluskey, M. (October 1, 1997). Feminism, Media, and the Law. Retrieved November 4, 2008, from: http://books. google.com/books?id=H2hRAVkc0nMCpg=PA178lpg=PA178dq=spur+posse+incidentsource=blots=gWgOvMmeXqsig=SSExAlIv4BXGJjruegEXXG-uRkIhl=ensa=Xoi=book_resultresnum=1ct=result#PPA177,M1 Godbersen, A. (October 15, 2003). California story. Retrieved November 4, 2008, from: http://www.powells.com/review/2003_10_15.html How to cite Where I Was From: An Exploration of Joan Didionââ¬â¢s Personal and Social Unrest, Papers
Saturday, May 2, 2020
Economic Advantages free essay sample
However, its large number of member states and broad geographic spread has posed significant challenges for APEC to develop a meaningful economic union. It has faced criticism for failing to meet expectations during its 21 years of existence. This paper examines APECs accomplishments as well as its shortcomings to provide a balanced view of the benefits and drawbacks it provides for the participating economic markets. Economic Advantages Under the theme of Resilient Asia-Pacific, Engine of Global Growth, the 21st APEC summit agreed that a strong multilateral trading system is a key driver for economic growth, Job creation and sustainable development (Dan, 2013). APEC is committed to removing protectionist trade barriers for its member economies in an effort to promote economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region. APEC accounts for approximately 44 percent of the global trade giving APEC countries leverage in regards to improving trading systems. The cooperation has vowed to put this objective at the forefront as n improved trading system, which will promote economic growth for its member economies. Asia-Pacific economies will count on enhanced regional connectivity to stimulate trade and attract investment as the member countries seek decisive measures to improve regional economic integration, industry experts say (Nan, 2013). This effort involves improved logistical support, and transport routes to stimulate economic growth for APEC members. The new cooperative mechanism will fully support trade, private investment, industrial productivity and the service industry across APEC etween governments and multinational corporations, which will promote more fluent business transactions. The goal is to encourage stronger logistical channels to remove international business barriers and promote economic growth. The growth of APECs 21 member economies bucked global trends and outpaced the rest of the world in 2012 despite the uncertain environment (APEC, 2012). APEC successfully boosted economic growth for its members in times of economic downturn for many countries. In 2012, the APEC regions growth was forecasted to accelerate to 4. 3 percent and climb further to 4. 7 percent in 2013. By comparison, world growth was projected to decelerate to 3. 5 percent in 2012 before rebounding to 4. 1 percent in 2013 (APEC, 2012). APECs growth is not only stimulating member economies; it is promoting global economic growth. Developing and emerging APEC members GDP growth was forecasted to soften to 6. 3 percent in 2012. Yet they remained the worlds fastest growing economies, contributing more than 50 percent of global real GDP growth (APEC, 2012). The twenty-one member economies are accounted for fifty percent of global GDP, which in return stimulated economic growth over the past few years. Rule-Making and Dispute Handling APECs functions of promoting trade liberalization, trade facilitation and cooperation between its member economies mandate consistent rule-making and functionally successful dispute handling. The members must all be WTO-compliant and concur to an APEC code of practice to settle policy or investment-related disputes, based on existing multilateral mechanisms (Yamazawa, 1997). These basic elements create the foundation that develops into a much broader function, that has evolved over the past two decades, to specifically address the extremely complex omplaints from several of its members regarding trade differences (such as the United States and China) and perceptions of unfair tactics to their economies. APEC ministers adopted a declaration on a trade and investment framework to increase economic activity and facilitate the flow of goods and services among member economies. Based on the declaration, ministers formed the Committee on Trade and Investment (CT) (APEC, 1997). The CT is responsible to senior officials for coordinating APECs work on trade and investment liberalization and facilitation. The CT is one of the key APEC organs, including work on tariffs, non-tariff measures, ervices, deregulation and dispute mediation (APEC); thereby, making the CT one of the primary means by which disputes are heard and resolved. Further clarification for dispute mediation was agreed upon in 2003 under the Dispute Mediation Collective Action Plan. This outline covers three topics, the objective, the guidelines, and the collective actions. The WTO Agreement and other international agreements that do not duplicate or detract from the dispute procedures of the WTO are used to prevent confrontation and escalation of disputes. Members agree to facilitate and encourage procedures for timely and effective resolution, and ensure ransparency of government laws, regulations and administrative procedures. CT aims to reduce and prevent disputes regarding trade and investment matters in order to promote a secure and predictable business environment (APEC, 2003). APEC ministers established the Economic Committee in November 1994. This Committee developed the foundation for the organizations rule making that is based greater private sector investment in the regions infrastructure by encouraging the removal of impediments and creating a more predictable and transparent investment environment (APEC, 1997). The desires of the development of rulemaking were to enhance the free trade between economies and reduce barriers to the governmental and private sector barriers while creating a level playing field for every member economy. APEC welcomes the progress made by economies towards implementing the 2011 APEC Leaders commitment to strengthen the implementation of Good Regulatory Practices (GRPs) by ensuring internal coordination of rule-making, assessing the impact of regulations, and conducting public consultation on proposed regulations (APEC, 2013). APEC welcomes further work to enhance cooperation in romoting cross border privacy rules and encourages member economies to participate in the Cross Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) system on a voluntary basis. CBPR aims to reduce barriers to information flows and enhance consumer privacy interoperability across regional data privacy regimes. As the products change and evolve from tangible materials to intellectual properties, knowledge becomes one of the most sought after commodities for the member economies. APEC continues its efforts to create some boundaries that will prevent disputes from escalating further. Economic Disadvantages With 21 member economies, APEC has a very diverse membership portfolio that includes both emerging markets such as Indonesia and Philippines, as well as developed economies such as the United States and Japan. This diversity also portrays itself in the varying scales of economic activity in its member states such as the export giant China, along with much smaller sized economies such as Vietnam and Papua New Guinea (Kemlu: diverse, 2013). Scale of economic activities in the member states provide varying power gradients among APEC members and can lead to unequal distribution of economic benefits. Economically powerful nations tend to dominate the weaker members and lobby for trade agreements that favor their interests. This is evident in Chinas efforts to reduce tariffs imposed on its exports as it is aiming to overtake the US in becoming the largest economic superpower. As China focusses its efforts to expand trade of manufactured goods, many other APEC nations are concerned with agricultural trade agreements. Countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Philippines still rely on trading agricultural products and natural resources as a major segment of their incomes. Unfortunately, larger conomies dominate the playing field and reap larger segment of the rewards, leaving smaller member states with reduced stakes. APECs diverse structure and varying interests of its member states also prevent APEC from establishing a clear direction towards which the union may move. Developed nations are continuing their efforts for Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation (TILE), while the emerging economies depend on APECs progress on Economic and Technical Cooperation (ECOTECH). APEC, unfortunately, has so far failed to set a clear agenda for its future and have not solidified its position hether to prioritize TILF or ECOTECH as it moves into the future.
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